Spanish Coins
2021年12月15日Register here: http://gg.gg/x9c2p
*Section Contents
*Spanish Silver: General Introduction
He Spanish Doubloon was a seven-gram (.225 Troy-ounce) gold coin minted in Spain, Mexico, and the Spanish settlement of Nueva Grenada (present-day Peru) that was used widely in the Americas until the mid-nineteenth century. Collectible Spanish Coins. EBay (780) Magazine. One of the world’s most storied coins is the Spanish real, which was Spain’s denomination at the height of the nation’s dominance as a world power in the 16th century. Silver eight-real coins were. He Spanish Doubloon was a seven-gram (.225 Troy-ounce) gold coin minted in Spain, Mexico, and the Spanish settlement of Nueva Grenada (present-day Peru) that was used widely in the Americas until the mid-nineteenth century.Spanish Cobs IntroductionONE-HALF REAL COBS
obverse reverse
1/2 R Mexico Philip IV (1621-1665) cob Free online keno with real money payouts.
Obverse: . V . / P S / [quatrefoil]
Reverse: [no legible legend]
Weight: 15.8 g (1.02 grams) Diameter: 16.0 mm
Comments: The obverse give the monogram PVS with dots on eitherside of the superscript V and a quatrefoil below the monogram. The P andS are joined by a line extending from the bottom of the bow of the P throughthe center of the S. To the right of the P is part of the superscript Oin MO, the mintmark for Mexico. The border legend is worn away. On the reverseis a cross with the arms of Castile and Leon. Again the border legend iscompletely worn away. The shape of the cross with balls at the ends is uniqueto Mexico City. This specific design was minted by Philip IV (1621-1665),and is similar to the example found as item 4 on plate 3 in Alberto FranciscoPradeau,Numismatic History of Mexico from the Pre-Columbian epoch to1823, Pradeau: Los Angeles, 1938.
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.
obverse reverse
1/2 R West Indies clipped cob
Obverse: [R]E[X] [the remainder is obliterated]
Reverse: [legend off planchet]
Weight: 27.4 g (1.80 grams) Dimensions: 17.5 x 13.8 mm
Comments: The obverse of this extensively clipped cob is mostlyobliterated. To the far right there is a counterstamp (an oval depression)with a faint image of a star or pointed cross, most probably representinga West Indies counterstamp as from Montserrat, which at times used bothof these elements. Near the top of the coin the bottom of the E in REX isvisible. The reverse bears the remains of the Jerusalem cross with the armsof Castile and Leon. The size of the cross indicates this coin was originallyminted as a two reales coin, or possibly as a one real piece. However, throughclipping and mutilation it is now just slightly over the authorized weightfor the one half real (which is 1.69 grams). A full weight two reales wouldbe 6.77 grams and a one real should average 3.38 grams. Heavily clippedand defective pieces such as this circulated throughout the West Indiesand in Colonial America.
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.ONE REAL COBS
obverse reverse
1 R Mexico AssayerO Philip II cob Mo-O between 1572-1598
Obverse: [PHILIPP]VS . II . DEI GRATIA
Keno contact. Reverse: [HISPANIARVM] . ET : INDIARVM [REX]
Weight: 44.5 g (2.88 grams) Diameter: 22.7 mm
Comments: This coin has been heavily clipped and is well belowthe authorized weight of 3.38 grams. Most of the upper potion of the legendletters has been clipped and in parts the entire legend is missing. Accordingto Pradeau (p. 42) there should be colons between each word. Although thiscoin is clipped it is better than the plated coin in Pradeau (plate 2, item5).
Obverse bears the crowned Hapsburg shield, to the feft is the mintmark’Mo’ for Mexico City, while to the right is the assayer’s initial ’O’. Accordingto Pellicer i Bru’s, Glosario Casumo live casino bonus. , p. 161 this unidentified assayer Owas active during the entire reign of Philip II 1556-1598. As this coinis a Mexican cob it cannot date to before 1572 when the dies used on thecobs first arrived in the New World. The reverse bears a cross with fleur-de-listransformed into balls at the ends, which is unique to the Mexico City mint.The Castile and Leon arms are completed with castles in the upper-left andlower-right quadrants and lions in the upper-right and lower-left quadrantsall surrounded in what in heraldic termonology is called a tressure (hererepresented by a border consisting of four arcs and four pointed sections).
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.
obverse reverse
1 R 1746 Potosí Assayer Q KM Bolivia 28a Philip V cob
Obverse: [no legible legend]
Reverse: the legend is in three rows, with each row divided intothree sections: top row: [all sections obscured]; second row: [leftsection obscured] | VL | TR third row: [left section obscured] |746 | P
Weight: 47.1 g (3.05 grams) Diameter: 18 mm
Comments: The obverse and reverse designation for this coin issometimes confusing. On any coin of this period the side with the royalsymbol, either the ruler’s shield, name or portrait was the obverse. Inthis case the obverse is the side with the Jerusalem cross with crossbarsat the ends and the Castile and Leon symbols, namely castles in the upper-leftand lower-right quadrants and lions in the upper-right and lower-left quadrants.Some books, as Sedwick, have mistakenly called this side the reverse. Thesituation is somewhat confusing for on earlier coins, like the Philip IIone real described above, the ruler’s name and shield are on one side (whichwould make that side the obverse) while the Castile and Leon shield areon the the other (in such a case making it the reverse). In the presentsituation the Castile and Leon shield side is the only side with a royalsymbol making it the obverse!
The reverse actually gives more information about the coin. On this examplethe assayer’s initial is obscured, but as the date and mintmark are visiblewe can assign the coin to the Potosíassayer Luis de Quintanilla (1744-60)who used the initial Q. (see see, Pellicer i Bru, Glosario, pp. 44and 175.) On the reverse the two vertical pillars, representing the Pillarsof Hercules, intersect three horizontal lines of text, giving the overallappearance of what is frequently called the ’tic tac-toe’ design.The top line of text is obscured in this example but the top left squarewould include the mintmark P, the center square would have the denominationI while the right square would contain the assayer’s initial Q. The centerline contains an abbreviated form of ’PLUS ULTRA’ (More beyond).In this case the center left square is obscured but probably had PL or somecombination for PLUS. The center square has VL with TR in the square onthe right as an abbreviated form of ULTRA. The final line repeats some ofthe information on the top line but in reverse order and adds the date.The square on the left is obscured but would have contained the assayer’sinitial Q; the center box has the last three digits of the date 746 forthe year 1746 and the right hand box gives the mintmark P.
Provenance: Donated to Notre Dame in 1887 as part of a 2,300 itemcoin collection (see: The Notre Dame Scholastic, vol. 21 (September1887) 45.
’ BORDER=’0’ ALIGN=’BOTTOM’ NATURALSIZEFLAG=’3’ WIDTH=’107’ HEIGHT=’50’>Charles and Johanna CoinageSection ContentsSpanish Cobs: p.2
For viewing tips and information on optimal computer settings clickhere.
For our copyright statement click here.For questions or comments contact Louis Jordan by:
E-Mail, telephone: (574) 631-0290, or mail:
Department of Special Collections, 102 Hesburgh Library,
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556Spanish Silver: General Introduction1572-1773
As additional silver deposits were discovered in the colonial territoriesthere was a pressing demand to export it to Spain as quickly as possible.To do this, starting in the reign of Philip II, the mints produced irregularcoinage called cobs. Rather than rolling out a bar of silver into a sheetof a specific thickness that could then be cut into smooth round planchetswhich would be stamped into coins, a faster method was employed. A bar ofsilver (see examples of gold bars in our Spanishgold listings) was simply cut into chunks of the appropriate weight.These small sliver clumps were then treated as if they were finished planchetsand were hammer struck between crude dies. In fact, the Spanish word ’cabo’ (from which the English ’cob’ is derived) refers to the end; in this instance, the clump ofsilver clipped off the end of the bar. The size, shape and impressionof these cobs was highly irregular but they were the proper weight. Many cobswere quite thick and disfigured with large cracks. Also, these uneven clumps made poor planchets so that frequently only a small portion of the image on the diewas impressed on the silver. If a cob was overweight the minter simply clippeda piece off, further disfiguring the coin. During the seventeenth century a few fullsized finished coins called ’royal or presentation strikes’ by present day collectorswere also produced but it was only the crude cob that was mass produced.
The intention in minting these crude but accurately weighed cobs wasto produce an easily portable product that could be sent to Spain. In Spainthe cobs would be melted down to produce silver jewelry, coins, bars andother items. Cobs also circulated as coinage, many cobs made their way tothe English colonies where they were used both as coins in commerce andhoarded as specie. As the cobs were crudely produced it was quite easyfor colonials to clip off some silver and then pass the coin off at fullvalue. Also, because of their crude design it was easy to make lightweightcounterfeit cobs using the clipped silver. Many clipped and lightweightSpanish cobs were melted down in Boston to make the Massachusetts silvercoinage.
Cobs were produced in denominations of one, two, four and eight realesunder Philip II (1556-1598) and Philip III (1598-1621). A half real cobwas added under Philip IV (1621-1665). Cobs continued to be produced throughthe reigns of Charles II (1665-1700), Philip V (1700-1724 and 1725-1746),Louis I (1725), Ferdinand VI (1746-1759) and Charles III (1759-1788). Theobverse of a cob displays the crowned Hapsburg shield with the mintmarkand assayer initial to the left and the denomination to the right of theshield. The legend, although frequently missing from the planchet, is some variation of thename of the king with DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). Thereverse displays the arms of Castile and Leon within a quatrefoil design.The arms are similar to those on the Charles and Johanna pre cob silvercoins but the two intersecting lines, dividing the shield into quadrants,are emphasized so that they represent a cross in the center of the shieldwith the castle and lion images in their respective corners. The legendis some form of REX HISPANIARUM ET INDIARUM (Of the Spains andthe Indies - as found in the pre cobs). Starting in the seventeenth centurymost cobs were dated but this information was added to the obverse legendand was usually not picked up in the stamping of the coin.
Dating and locating a cob can be difficult. If an assayer’s initialsare present and the mint is known then some dating parameters may be determined,as the dates of appointment are available for many assayers. Also, particulardetails on the obverse shield differ for each ruler so some examples withoutother clues can often be dated to a specific king, if the shield is distinct.If the mintmark is missing the reverse cross may assist in identifying themint. A Jerusalem cross with a ball at each extremity denotes the Mexicomint. A variety of other specific details may assist in making attributions;consultation of regional studies may allow one to narrow the possibilities,especially if a coin can be assigned to a specific time period. For example,E.A. Sellschopp has identified the lion and castle punches used on the reversecross shields of 8 reales from the Lima, La Plata and Potosi mints duringthe period 1568-1651.
During the cob period there were several illegal debasements of the coinage,primarily in the Viceroyalty of Peru. At the various Peru mints the positionof assayer was annually auctioned to the highest bidder, so the winningappointee tried to get as much profit from the enterprise as possible duringtheir year in office. Especially notable were the debasements by the assayersat Potosí during 1610-17 and 1631-48. Even before the first majorPotosí scandal took place, regulations were instituted requiringcoins to be dated. Mexico began dating coins in 1607, while Potosíheld back until they were ordered to include the date in 1617. Realizingthe date alone would not be sufficient to deter corrupt and irregular mintingpractices, further regulations were instituted requiring each coin to carrythe initials of the assayer. These regulations were followed at Mexico butthey did not curb the problems in the Peruvian mints
After uncovering the second Potosí scandal the Hapsburg shieldcobs were retired at the Peruvian mints, namely at Potosí, SantaFe de Bogotá and Lima. Too many individuals refused to accept thesecoins, suspecting they were receiving debased products. However, the shieldcobs continued to be produced in Mexico as they did not have a problem withdebased coinage. But in the Viceroyalty of Peru a new design was issuedin 1652. The obverse was similar to the earlier cob reverse, consistingof a cross that incorporated the heraldic symbols of Leon and Castile. Thenew reverse was based on the design used for the pre cob coins, that is,depicting the Straits of Gibraltar with the Pillars of Hercules. The twovertical pillars intersected three horizontal lines of text, giving theoverall appearance of what is frequently called the ’tic-tac-toe’design. The top line of text included the mintmark, the denomination andthe assayer’s initial, for example L 8 M (Lima, 8 reales, assayer M). Thesecond line contained P V A or some other combination of letters from thelegend PLVS VLTRA (More Beyond), with the large eight realescoin containing the entire legend. The final line gave the assayer initial,last two numerals of the date and then the mintmark, for example M 88 L(assayer M, 1688, Lima). Since these coins were produced from 1652-1773it is sometimes necessary to identify the assayer to be confident of thecorrect century. As these coins were easily distinguished from the greatlydebased earlier cobs they were generally accepted as a suitable replacementand helped to stabilize the economy. However, even with the new regulations,as long as the assayer’s office was auctioned to the highest bidder, somedebasement of the Peruvian coinage continued throughout the cob period.’ALIGN=’BOTTOM’ NATURALSIZEFLAG=’3’ BORDER=’0’ WIDTH=’107’ HEIGHT=’50’>Section ContentsSpanish CobsValue Of Old Spanish Coins
Spanish Coins ValueFor viewing tips and information on optimal computer settings clickhere.
For our copyright statement click here.For questions or comments contact Louis Jordan by:
E-Mail, telephone: (574) 631-0290, or mail:
Department of Special Collections, 102 Hesburgh Library,
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Register here: http://gg.gg/x9c2p
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
*Section Contents
*Spanish Silver: General Introduction
He Spanish Doubloon was a seven-gram (.225 Troy-ounce) gold coin minted in Spain, Mexico, and the Spanish settlement of Nueva Grenada (present-day Peru) that was used widely in the Americas until the mid-nineteenth century. Collectible Spanish Coins. EBay (780) Magazine. One of the world’s most storied coins is the Spanish real, which was Spain’s denomination at the height of the nation’s dominance as a world power in the 16th century. Silver eight-real coins were. He Spanish Doubloon was a seven-gram (.225 Troy-ounce) gold coin minted in Spain, Mexico, and the Spanish settlement of Nueva Grenada (present-day Peru) that was used widely in the Americas until the mid-nineteenth century.Spanish Cobs IntroductionONE-HALF REAL COBS
obverse reverse
1/2 R Mexico Philip IV (1621-1665) cob Free online keno with real money payouts.
Obverse: . V . / P S / [quatrefoil]
Reverse: [no legible legend]
Weight: 15.8 g (1.02 grams) Diameter: 16.0 mm
Comments: The obverse give the monogram PVS with dots on eitherside of the superscript V and a quatrefoil below the monogram. The P andS are joined by a line extending from the bottom of the bow of the P throughthe center of the S. To the right of the P is part of the superscript Oin MO, the mintmark for Mexico. The border legend is worn away. On the reverseis a cross with the arms of Castile and Leon. Again the border legend iscompletely worn away. The shape of the cross with balls at the ends is uniqueto Mexico City. This specific design was minted by Philip IV (1621-1665),and is similar to the example found as item 4 on plate 3 in Alberto FranciscoPradeau,Numismatic History of Mexico from the Pre-Columbian epoch to1823, Pradeau: Los Angeles, 1938.
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.
obverse reverse
1/2 R West Indies clipped cob
Obverse: [R]E[X] [the remainder is obliterated]
Reverse: [legend off planchet]
Weight: 27.4 g (1.80 grams) Dimensions: 17.5 x 13.8 mm
Comments: The obverse of this extensively clipped cob is mostlyobliterated. To the far right there is a counterstamp (an oval depression)with a faint image of a star or pointed cross, most probably representinga West Indies counterstamp as from Montserrat, which at times used bothof these elements. Near the top of the coin the bottom of the E in REX isvisible. The reverse bears the remains of the Jerusalem cross with the armsof Castile and Leon. The size of the cross indicates this coin was originallyminted as a two reales coin, or possibly as a one real piece. However, throughclipping and mutilation it is now just slightly over the authorized weightfor the one half real (which is 1.69 grams). A full weight two reales wouldbe 6.77 grams and a one real should average 3.38 grams. Heavily clippedand defective pieces such as this circulated throughout the West Indiesand in Colonial America.
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.ONE REAL COBS
obverse reverse
1 R Mexico AssayerO Philip II cob Mo-O between 1572-1598
Obverse: [PHILIPP]VS . II . DEI GRATIA
Keno contact. Reverse: [HISPANIARVM] . ET : INDIARVM [REX]
Weight: 44.5 g (2.88 grams) Diameter: 22.7 mm
Comments: This coin has been heavily clipped and is well belowthe authorized weight of 3.38 grams. Most of the upper potion of the legendletters has been clipped and in parts the entire legend is missing. Accordingto Pradeau (p. 42) there should be colons between each word. Although thiscoin is clipped it is better than the plated coin in Pradeau (plate 2, item5).
Obverse bears the crowned Hapsburg shield, to the feft is the mintmark’Mo’ for Mexico City, while to the right is the assayer’s initial ’O’. Accordingto Pellicer i Bru’s, Glosario Casumo live casino bonus. , p. 161 this unidentified assayer Owas active during the entire reign of Philip II 1556-1598. As this coinis a Mexican cob it cannot date to before 1572 when the dies used on thecobs first arrived in the New World. The reverse bears a cross with fleur-de-listransformed into balls at the ends, which is unique to the Mexico City mint.The Castile and Leon arms are completed with castles in the upper-left andlower-right quadrants and lions in the upper-right and lower-left quadrantsall surrounded in what in heraldic termonology is called a tressure (hererepresented by a border consisting of four arcs and four pointed sections).
Provenance: From the Robert H. Gore, Jr. Numismatic Collection.
obverse reverse
1 R 1746 Potosí Assayer Q KM Bolivia 28a Philip V cob
Obverse: [no legible legend]
Reverse: the legend is in three rows, with each row divided intothree sections: top row: [all sections obscured]; second row: [leftsection obscured] | VL | TR third row: [left section obscured] |746 | P
Weight: 47.1 g (3.05 grams) Diameter: 18 mm
Comments: The obverse and reverse designation for this coin issometimes confusing. On any coin of this period the side with the royalsymbol, either the ruler’s shield, name or portrait was the obverse. Inthis case the obverse is the side with the Jerusalem cross with crossbarsat the ends and the Castile and Leon symbols, namely castles in the upper-leftand lower-right quadrants and lions in the upper-right and lower-left quadrants.Some books, as Sedwick, have mistakenly called this side the reverse. Thesituation is somewhat confusing for on earlier coins, like the Philip IIone real described above, the ruler’s name and shield are on one side (whichwould make that side the obverse) while the Castile and Leon shield areon the the other (in such a case making it the reverse). In the presentsituation the Castile and Leon shield side is the only side with a royalsymbol making it the obverse!
The reverse actually gives more information about the coin. On this examplethe assayer’s initial is obscured, but as the date and mintmark are visiblewe can assign the coin to the Potosíassayer Luis de Quintanilla (1744-60)who used the initial Q. (see see, Pellicer i Bru, Glosario, pp. 44and 175.) On the reverse the two vertical pillars, representing the Pillarsof Hercules, intersect three horizontal lines of text, giving the overallappearance of what is frequently called the ’tic tac-toe’ design.The top line of text is obscured in this example but the top left squarewould include the mintmark P, the center square would have the denominationI while the right square would contain the assayer’s initial Q. The centerline contains an abbreviated form of ’PLUS ULTRA’ (More beyond).In this case the center left square is obscured but probably had PL or somecombination for PLUS. The center square has VL with TR in the square onthe right as an abbreviated form of ULTRA. The final line repeats some ofthe information on the top line but in reverse order and adds the date.The square on the left is obscured but would have contained the assayer’sinitial Q; the center box has the last three digits of the date 746 forthe year 1746 and the right hand box gives the mintmark P.
Provenance: Donated to Notre Dame in 1887 as part of a 2,300 itemcoin collection (see: The Notre Dame Scholastic, vol. 21 (September1887) 45.
’ BORDER=’0’ ALIGN=’BOTTOM’ NATURALSIZEFLAG=’3’ WIDTH=’107’ HEIGHT=’50’>Charles and Johanna CoinageSection ContentsSpanish Cobs: p.2
For viewing tips and information on optimal computer settings clickhere.
For our copyright statement click here.For questions or comments contact Louis Jordan by:
E-Mail, telephone: (574) 631-0290, or mail:
Department of Special Collections, 102 Hesburgh Library,
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556Spanish Silver: General Introduction1572-1773
As additional silver deposits were discovered in the colonial territoriesthere was a pressing demand to export it to Spain as quickly as possible.To do this, starting in the reign of Philip II, the mints produced irregularcoinage called cobs. Rather than rolling out a bar of silver into a sheetof a specific thickness that could then be cut into smooth round planchetswhich would be stamped into coins, a faster method was employed. A bar ofsilver (see examples of gold bars in our Spanishgold listings) was simply cut into chunks of the appropriate weight.These small sliver clumps were then treated as if they were finished planchetsand were hammer struck between crude dies. In fact, the Spanish word ’cabo’ (from which the English ’cob’ is derived) refers to the end; in this instance, the clump ofsilver clipped off the end of the bar. The size, shape and impressionof these cobs was highly irregular but they were the proper weight. Many cobswere quite thick and disfigured with large cracks. Also, these uneven clumps made poor planchets so that frequently only a small portion of the image on the diewas impressed on the silver. If a cob was overweight the minter simply clippeda piece off, further disfiguring the coin. During the seventeenth century a few fullsized finished coins called ’royal or presentation strikes’ by present day collectorswere also produced but it was only the crude cob that was mass produced.
The intention in minting these crude but accurately weighed cobs wasto produce an easily portable product that could be sent to Spain. In Spainthe cobs would be melted down to produce silver jewelry, coins, bars andother items. Cobs also circulated as coinage, many cobs made their way tothe English colonies where they were used both as coins in commerce andhoarded as specie. As the cobs were crudely produced it was quite easyfor colonials to clip off some silver and then pass the coin off at fullvalue. Also, because of their crude design it was easy to make lightweightcounterfeit cobs using the clipped silver. Many clipped and lightweightSpanish cobs were melted down in Boston to make the Massachusetts silvercoinage.
Cobs were produced in denominations of one, two, four and eight realesunder Philip II (1556-1598) and Philip III (1598-1621). A half real cobwas added under Philip IV (1621-1665). Cobs continued to be produced throughthe reigns of Charles II (1665-1700), Philip V (1700-1724 and 1725-1746),Louis I (1725), Ferdinand VI (1746-1759) and Charles III (1759-1788). Theobverse of a cob displays the crowned Hapsburg shield with the mintmarkand assayer initial to the left and the denomination to the right of theshield. The legend, although frequently missing from the planchet, is some variation of thename of the king with DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). Thereverse displays the arms of Castile and Leon within a quatrefoil design.The arms are similar to those on the Charles and Johanna pre cob silvercoins but the two intersecting lines, dividing the shield into quadrants,are emphasized so that they represent a cross in the center of the shieldwith the castle and lion images in their respective corners. The legendis some form of REX HISPANIARUM ET INDIARUM (Of the Spains andthe Indies - as found in the pre cobs). Starting in the seventeenth centurymost cobs were dated but this information was added to the obverse legendand was usually not picked up in the stamping of the coin.
Dating and locating a cob can be difficult. If an assayer’s initialsare present and the mint is known then some dating parameters may be determined,as the dates of appointment are available for many assayers. Also, particulardetails on the obverse shield differ for each ruler so some examples withoutother clues can often be dated to a specific king, if the shield is distinct.If the mintmark is missing the reverse cross may assist in identifying themint. A Jerusalem cross with a ball at each extremity denotes the Mexicomint. A variety of other specific details may assist in making attributions;consultation of regional studies may allow one to narrow the possibilities,especially if a coin can be assigned to a specific time period. For example,E.A. Sellschopp has identified the lion and castle punches used on the reversecross shields of 8 reales from the Lima, La Plata and Potosi mints duringthe period 1568-1651.
During the cob period there were several illegal debasements of the coinage,primarily in the Viceroyalty of Peru. At the various Peru mints the positionof assayer was annually auctioned to the highest bidder, so the winningappointee tried to get as much profit from the enterprise as possible duringtheir year in office. Especially notable were the debasements by the assayersat Potosí during 1610-17 and 1631-48. Even before the first majorPotosí scandal took place, regulations were instituted requiringcoins to be dated. Mexico began dating coins in 1607, while Potosíheld back until they were ordered to include the date in 1617. Realizingthe date alone would not be sufficient to deter corrupt and irregular mintingpractices, further regulations were instituted requiring each coin to carrythe initials of the assayer. These regulations were followed at Mexico butthey did not curb the problems in the Peruvian mints
After uncovering the second Potosí scandal the Hapsburg shieldcobs were retired at the Peruvian mints, namely at Potosí, SantaFe de Bogotá and Lima. Too many individuals refused to accept thesecoins, suspecting they were receiving debased products. However, the shieldcobs continued to be produced in Mexico as they did not have a problem withdebased coinage. But in the Viceroyalty of Peru a new design was issuedin 1652. The obverse was similar to the earlier cob reverse, consistingof a cross that incorporated the heraldic symbols of Leon and Castile. Thenew reverse was based on the design used for the pre cob coins, that is,depicting the Straits of Gibraltar with the Pillars of Hercules. The twovertical pillars intersected three horizontal lines of text, giving theoverall appearance of what is frequently called the ’tic-tac-toe’design. The top line of text included the mintmark, the denomination andthe assayer’s initial, for example L 8 M (Lima, 8 reales, assayer M). Thesecond line contained P V A or some other combination of letters from thelegend PLVS VLTRA (More Beyond), with the large eight realescoin containing the entire legend. The final line gave the assayer initial,last two numerals of the date and then the mintmark, for example M 88 L(assayer M, 1688, Lima). Since these coins were produced from 1652-1773it is sometimes necessary to identify the assayer to be confident of thecorrect century. As these coins were easily distinguished from the greatlydebased earlier cobs they were generally accepted as a suitable replacementand helped to stabilize the economy. However, even with the new regulations,as long as the assayer’s office was auctioned to the highest bidder, somedebasement of the Peruvian coinage continued throughout the cob period.’ALIGN=’BOTTOM’ NATURALSIZEFLAG=’3’ BORDER=’0’ WIDTH=’107’ HEIGHT=’50’>Section ContentsSpanish CobsValue Of Old Spanish Coins
Spanish Coins ValueFor viewing tips and information on optimal computer settings clickhere.
For our copyright statement click here.For questions or comments contact Louis Jordan by:
E-Mail, telephone: (574) 631-0290, or mail:
Department of Special Collections, 102 Hesburgh Library,
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Register here: http://gg.gg/x9c2p
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
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